Session Title: “Justice and the Social Ontology of Race” Chair (and Organizer): Devora Shapiro, Southern Oregon University, [email protected] Speakers: Naomi Zack, University of Oregon, “Racial Inequality and Applicative Justice: A Comparative Approach vs. Ideal and Nonideal Theory,” Quayshawn Spencer, University of Pennsylvania, “Implications of Using Biological Populations in Preferential Affirmative Action,”